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Simultaneously, aquatic foods may have substantial but diverse roles to play in transformations towards sustainable and equitable food systems and healthy diets to address multiple forms of malnutrition, especially for coastal communities and the world’s undernourished 12, 13, 14, 15.
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To date, studies of climate change impacts on aquatic foods (that is, fish, invertebrates and algae captured or cultured in freshwater and marine ecosystems for food or feed) have failed to provide a full accounting of this risk, as they have largely focused on individual production systems (for example, marine fisheries 10) and have rarely connected production system impacts to the differential contributions of aquatic foods to food system outcomes 11. System-level interventions addressing dimensions such as governance, gender equity and poverty are needed to enhance aquatic and terrestrial food system resilience and provide investments with large co-benefits towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goals.Ĭlimate change threatens all aspects of aquatic food systems, from production to consumption 1, 2, 3, 4, endangering the cultures, livelihoods, economies, health and nutrition of billions of people around the world 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
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For countries projected to experience compound climate risks, reducing societal vulnerabilities can lower climate risk by margins similar to meeting Paris Agreement mitigation targets. We show that without mitigation, climate hazards pose high risks to nutritional, social, economic and environmental outcomes worldwide-especially for wild-capture fisheries in Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Small Island Developing States. Here, we estimate national-level aquatic food system climate risk using an integrative food systems approach that connects climate hazards impacting marine and freshwater capture fisheries and aquaculture to their contributions to sustainable food system outcomes. Nature Food volume 2, pages 673–682 ( 2021) Cite this articleĪquatic foods from marine and freshwater systems are critical to the nutrition, health, livelihoods, economies and cultures of billions of people worldwide, but climate-related hazards may compromise their ability to provide these benefits. Compound climate risks threaten aquatic food system benefits